Core Framework

This document describes the core framework components, key class structures and important methods of FastBee-Arduino in detail, providing developers with an in-depth implementation reference.

The main modules of the core framework map to the Status, Peripherals, Rules and Files capabilities in the Web console. When debugging the framework lifecycle, it is recommended to observe the dashboard resources, peripheral list, peripheral exec rules and file system status simultaneously.

Device Dashboard Overview

ID	Name	Type	Pins	Status	Actions
adc	ADC Analog Conversion	ADC	36	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
can	CAN Bus	CAN	4, 5	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
i2c	I2C Bus	I2C	17, 18	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
jtag	JTAG Debug Interface	JTAG	12, 13, 14, 15	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
modbus_rtu	Modbus RTU - Industrial Device	UART	16, 17	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
oled_ssd1306_c3	OLED Display - SSD1306	LCD	5, 6	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
gpio_pwm	PWM Output	PWM Output	21	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
sdio	SD Card SDIO Interface	SDIO	14, 15, 2, 4, 12, 13	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
swd	SWD Debug Interface	SWD	13, 14	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete
uart	UART Serial	UART	16, 17	Disabled	Edit / Enable / Delete

Name	Status	Trigger	Target Peripheral	Action	Stats	Actions
ADC Voltage Collection Report	Disabled	Timer Trigger	ADC Analog Conversion	Sensor Data Read -> ADC Analog Conversion	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
ADC Voltage Below 2.30V Close Relay	Disabled	Event Trigger	-	Set Low Level	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
ADC Voltage Above 2.50V Open Relay	Disabled	Event Trigger	-	Set High Level	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
ADC Voltage Display on 7-Segment	Disabled	Timer Trigger	-	Display Number	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
NTP Time Sync	Disabled	Platform Trigger (MQTT)	-	NTP Sync	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
OLED Temp/Humidity Display	Disabled	Timer Trigger	-	OLED Custom Display	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
OLED Custom Display - Button Trigger Device Info	Disabled	Event Trigger	-	OLED Custom Display	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
OLED Custom Display - Timer Mixed	Disabled	Timer Trigger	-	OLED Custom Display	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
OLED Custom Display - MQTT Message	Disabled	Platform Trigger (MQTT)	-	OLED Custom Display	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete
OTA Upgrade	Disabled	Platform Trigger (MQTT)	-	OTA Upgrade	Trigger Count: 1	Execute Once / Edit / Enable / Delete

File Management Page

The core service boundary diagram helps determine which module a feature should belong to: peripherals go to Peripheral, rules go to PeriphExec, networking goes to Network, platform and bus go to Protocols, files, logs and config go to system services.

FastBeeFramework Main Framework

FastBeeFramework is the core controller of the system, responsible for initializing all sub-modules and coordinating their work.

Initialization Flow

FastBeeFramework::getInstance()
  ├── loadConfig()              // Load all JSON configs from LittleFS
  ├── initPeripherals()         // Initialize all enabled peripherals
  ├── initNetwork()             // Start WiFi/network services and web server
  ├── initProtocols()           // Initialize MQTT/Modbus and other protocols
  ├── initPeriphExec()          // Start rule engine and async execution
  └── startHealthMonitor()      // Start health monitoring and memory gating

Key Methods

Method	Description
setup()	System boot entry point, calls all initialization methods in sequence
loop()	Main loop, handles scheduled tasks and event dispatch
getPeripheralManager()	Get peripheral manager instance
getPeriphExecManager()	Get rule engine instance
getProtocolManager()	Get protocol manager instance
getNetworkManager()	Get network manager instance

Lifecycle Management

Boot → setup() → Load Config → Init Modules → Enter loop()
                                    ↓
                              Handle Scheduled Tasks
                              Handle Network Events
                              Handle Protocol Messages
                              Health Monitor Check
                                    ↓
                              Continuous Operation (24/7)

PeriphExecManager Rule Engine

PeriphExecManager is the core module that implements "execute actions when conditions are met".

Rule Data Model

{
  "id": "exec_rule_01",
  "name": "Rule Name",
  "enabled": true,
  "execMode": 0,
  "triggers": [
    {
      "triggerType": 1,
      "triggerPeriphId": "dht_01",
      "timerMode": 0,
      "intervalSec": 10,
      "timePoint": "",
      "eventId": "",
      "operatorType": 0,
      "compareValue": "",
      "pollResponseTimeout": 1000,
      "pollMaxRetries": 2,
      "pollInterPollDelay": 100
    }
  ],
  "actions": [
    {
      "targetPeriphId": "relay_01",
      "actionType": 0,
      "actionValue": "",
      "useReceivedValue": false,
      "syncDelayMs": 0,
      "execMode": 0
    }
  ],
  "protocolType": 0,
  "scriptContent": "",
  "reportAfterExec": true
}

Trigger Types

Type	Value	Name	Description	Key Fields
Platform Trigger	0	PLATFORM_TRIGGER	Triggered by MQTT downstream data	operatorType, compareValue
Timer Trigger	1	TIMER_TRIGGER	Periodic/fixed-time trigger	timerMode, intervalSec, timePoint
Event Trigger	4	EVENT_TRIGGER	System event/data source threshold	eventId, operatorType, compareValue
Poll Trigger	5	POLL_TRIGGER	Modbus/local data condition	triggerPeriphId, poll config

Trigger Relationship: Multiple triggers in the same rule have an OR relationship; any match triggers the rule.

Action Types

Value	Enum Name	Category	actionValue Meaning
0	ACTION_HIGH	GPIO	Ignored, set target pin HIGH
1	ACTION_LOW	GPIO	Ignored, set target pin LOW
2	ACTION_BLINK	GPIO	Blink interval in ms (default 500)
3	ACTION_BREATHE	GPIO	Breathe cycle in ms (default 2000)
4	ACTION_SET_PWM	GPIO	PWM duty cycle 0-255
5	ACTION_SET_DAC	GPIO	DAC output value 0-255
6	ACTION_SYS_RESTART	System	Ignored, restart device after 500ms delay
7	ACTION_SYS_FACTORY_RESET	System	Ignored, format LittleFS then restart
8	ACTION_SYS_NTP_SYNC	System	Ignored, trigger NTP time sync
10	ACTION_CALL_PERIPHERAL	Peripheral	Call peripheral-specific method (JSON)
13	ACTION_HIGH_INVERTED	GPIO	Ignored, inverted HIGH (active LOW)
15	ACTION_SCRIPT	Script	Command script content
19	ACTION_SENSOR_READ	Sensor	Read parameters (JSON)
21	ACTION_TRIGGER_EVENT	Event	Trigger logical event
24	ACTION_DISPLAY_TM1637	Display	TM1637 display parameters
25	ACTION_DISPLAY_OLED	Display	OLED display parameters
26	ACTION_DISPLAY_LCD	Display	LCD display parameters
27	ACTION_DISPLAY_ROTATE	Display	Rotate display parameters

Action Relationship: Multiple actions in the same rule are executed sequentially in array order.

Sensor Read actionValue Format

actionType: 19 uses a JSON string to describe the read parameters:

{
  "periphId": "sht31_i2c",
  "sensorCategory": "SHT31",
  "dataField": "temperature",
  "sensorLabel": "Temperature",
  "unit": "C",
  "decimalPlaces": 1,
  "driverParams": {
    "addr": "0x44",
    "sda": 21,
    "scl": 22
  }
}

Common sensorCategory Values:

sensorCategory	Output Fields	Resource Recommendation
analog	voltage, value	Available on ESP32
digital	value	Available on ESP32
dht11 / dht22	temperature, humidity	Available on ESP32
ds18b20	temperature	Available on ESP32
ultrasonic	distance	Available on ESP32
current	current	Available on ESP32
voltage	voltage	Available on ESP32
SHT31	temperature, humidity	Available on ESP32, lightweight I2C
AHT20	temperature, humidity	Available on ESP32, lightweight I2C
BH1750	illuminance	Available on ESP32, lightweight I2C
BMP280	temperature, pressure, altitude	Recommended esp32s3-F16R8
MPU6050	accelX/Y/Z, temperature, gyroX/Y/Z	Recommended esp32s3-F16R8

Async Execution Engine

Worker Pool Architecture:

• Pre-created 3 async tasks (avoid runtime allocation)
• Minimum heap memory gate: 30KB
• Task stack size: 4KB (normal) / 8KB (script)
• Task priority: 0 (lowest)

Execution Flow:

Rule Triggered → Check Heap Memory (>30KB?)
       → Yes: Dispatch async task to Worker Pool
       → No: Log WARN, skip execution
       → Worker executes action sequence
       → Report execution result

Key Methods:

• evaluateCondition(): Evaluate trigger conditions
• dispatchAction(): Dispatch actions to executor
• executeRuleAsync(): Execute rule asynchronously
• onSensorData(): Handle sensor data events

PeripheralManager Peripheral Management

PeripheralManager manages the lifecycle of all peripherals.

Peripheral Configuration Model

{
  "id": "sensor_01",
  "name": "Sensor Name",
  "type": 38,
  "enabled": true,
  "pinCount": 1,
  "pins": [13, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255],
  "params": {}
}

Field Description:

• id: Unique identifier for rule references
• name: Display name
• type: Peripheral type enum value
• enabled: Whether enabled
• pinCount: Number of pins used
• pins: Pin array (255 means unused)
• params: Type-specific parameters

Common Peripheral Types

type	Name	Description	Pin Count
1	UART	Serial / Modbus RTU	2 (TX/RX)
2	I2C	I2C Bus	2 (SDA/SCL)
11	GPIO_DIGITAL_INPUT	Digital Input	1
12	GPIO_DIGITAL_OUTPUT	Digital Output	1
13	GPIO_DIGITAL_INPUT_PULLUP	Pull-up Input (Button)	1
14	GPIO_DIGITAL_INPUT_PULLDOWN	Pull-down Input	1
15	GPIO_ANALOG_INPUT	ADC Analog Input	1
17	GPIO_PWM_OUTPUT	PWM Output	1
18-20	GPIO_INTERRUPT	Interrupt Input (rising/falling/both edges)	1
21	GPIO_TOUCH	Touch Input	1
26	ADC_INPUT	ADC Input (alias)	1
36	LCD	Display (SSD1306/SH1106)	2 (I2C)
37	SDIO	SD Card Interface (placeholder)	4-6
38	SENSOR	Sensor (DHT/DS18B20/Ultrasonic etc.)	1-2
41	PWM_SERVO	Servo	1
42	STEPPER_MOTOR	Stepper Motor	4-6
43	ENCODER	Rotary Encoder	2-3
44	ONE_WIRE	One-Wire (DS18B20)	1
45	NEO_PIXEL	WS2812B RGB LED Strip	1
47	SEVEN_SEGMENT_TM1637	TM1637 7-Segment Display	2 (CLK/DIO)
51	MODBUS_DEVICE	Modbus Slave Device	0 (UART)
60	DEVICE_EVENT	Logical Event Source	0

Hardware Initialization Flow

1. Validate Pin Legality
   - Avoid GPIO6-11 (Flash pins)
   - GPIO34-39 are input-only
   - ADC2 unavailable when WiFi is active

2. Check Pin Conflicts
   - Same pin cannot be allocated twice
   - I2C devices can share SDA/SCL

3. Configure Pin Mode
   - pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT/INPUT_PULLUP)
   - ledcSetup() for PWM
   - adcAttachPin() for ADC

4. Initialize Peripheral Driver
   - Create corresponding Driver based on type
   - Call driver->begin(pins, params)

5. Register to Peripheral List
   - Add to m_peripherals map
   - Record pin occupation table

Key Methods:

• addPeripheral(): Add a peripheral
• initHardware(): Initialize hardware
• setupHardware(): Configure pins
• removePeripheral(): Remove a peripheral
• getPeripheral(): Get peripheral instance
• performMaintenance(): Periodic maintenance (handle ISR interrupt queue)
• processInterruptQueue(): Take interrupt events from FreeRTOS queue and dispatch

Interrupt Handling Mechanism:

GPIO interrupts are safely passed from ISR context to the main loop via a FreeRTOS queue:

ISR Interrupt → xQueueSendFromISR(pin) → Main Loop performMaintenance() → processInterruptQueue() → handleInterrupt(pin)

Sensor Data Cache

Sensor read actions write the most recent reading to a local cache:

// Cache key format
"sensor_cache:<periphId>:<dataField>"

// Examples
"sensor_cache:dht_01:temperature" → 28.5
"sensor_cache:dht_01:humidity" → 65.2

Cached data is used for:

• Event trigger condition evaluation
• Web interface real-time display
• MQTT data reporting

ConfigStorage Configuration Storage

ConfigStorage manages persistence of all configurations.

Configuration File Structure

/config/
  ├── device.json       # Device config (name/model/serial number)
  ├── network.json      # Network config (WiFi/Ethernet/4G)
  ├── peripherals.json  # Peripheral config (all peripheral list)
  ├── periph_exec.json  # Execution rules (triggers + actions)
  ├── protocol.json     # Protocol config (MQTT/Modbus)
  ├── rule_scripts.json # Rule scripts (Full)
  └── users.json        # User config (Full)

Storage Strategy

LittleFS File System:

• Embedded Flash file system
• Supports wear leveling
• Power-loss safe (atomic writes)

JSON Serialization:

• Uses ArduinoJson library
• Compact mode (reduces space usage)
• Stream read/write (avoids full loading)

Write Protection:

• Write to temporary file .tmp first
• Validate JSON format
• Atomically replace original file
• Preserve original config on failure

Config Import/Export

Export API:

GET /api/system/export-config?type=peripherals
GET /api/system/export-config?type=periph_exec
GET /api/system/export-config?type=all

Import API:

POST /api/system/import-config
Body: multipart/form-data (JSON file)

Key Methods:

• loadConfig(): Load configuration
• saveConfig(): Save configuration
• exportConfig(): Export configuration
• importConfig(): Import configuration

HealthMonitor Health Monitoring

HealthMonitor continuously monitors system health status.

Monitoring Metrics

Metric	Check Interval	Description
Free Heap Memory	5s	ESP.getFreeHeap()
Max Allocatable Block	5s	ESP.getMaxAllocHeap()
WiFi Connection Status	1s	WiFi.status()
MQTT Connection Status	1s	MQTTClient.connected()
System Uptime	Continuous	millis()

Alert Mechanism

Memory Thresholds:

Heap Memory	Action	Reason
< 20KB	WARN log	Alert low memory
< 10KB	Disable SSE	SSE connections use ~8KB
< 5KB	Reduce log level	Reduce string allocations

Recovery Strategy:

• No auto-recovery (avoid frequent oscillation)
• Requires external intervention (restart/disable features)
• Logs alert messages for troubleshooting

WDT Watchdog

Configuration:

esp_task_wdt_init(10, true);  // 10-second timeout

Reasons:

• async_tcp file I/O may block
• Large JSON serialization is time-consuming
• Prevent system deadlock

Feeding:

• loop() main loop auto-feeds
• Async tasks need manual feeding

Boot Diagnostics

Output:

[BOOT] Chip: ESP32-WROOM-32U Rev3
[BOOT] Flash: 4096KB, PSRAM: 0KB
[BOOT] Cores: 2, Features: WiFi/BT/BLE
[BOOT] Free heap: 285432 bytes
[BOOT] Max alloc: 114688 bytes
[BOOT] PSRAM: disabled (no-PSRAM build)

Purpose:

• Quickly determine if PSRAM is available
• Confirm available memory capacity
• Troubleshoot boot failures

Key Class Relationships

FastBeeFramework
  ├── PeripheralManager* m_peripheralManager
  ├── PeriphExecManager* m_periphExecManager
  ├── NetworkManager* m_networkManager
  ├── ProtocolManager* m_protocolManager
  ├── ConfigStorage* m_configStorage
  └── HealthMonitor* m_healthMonitor

PeripheralManager
  ├── map<string, Peripheral*> m_peripherals
  ├── map<int, bool> m_pinOccupancy
  └── vector<Driver*> m_drivers

PeriphExecManager
  ├── map<string, ExecRule*> m_rules
  ├── WorkerPool* m_workerPool
  ├── map<string, string> m_sensorCache
  └── ButtonEventSubsystem* m_buttonEvents

NetworkManager
  ├── WiFiManager* m_wifiManager
  ├── WebConfigManager* m_webManager
  └── NetworkAdapter* m_activeAdapter

ProtocolManager
  ├── MQTTClient* m_mqttClient
  ├── ModbusHandler* m_modbusHandler
  └── map<string, ProtocolHandler*> m_protocols

Related Documentation

• Architecture Design - Overall architecture and module relationships
• PeriphExec Flow - Complete rule engine business logic
• Peripheral Configuration Guide - All peripheral types in detail
• Development Guide - Adding new peripherals and protocols

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